![]() The concept of entropy was first introduced in thermodynamics. Here we further explore the nature of this state function and define it mathematically. The entropy is a measure of the amount of chaos in a microscopic system. In Chapter 13, we introduced the concept of entropy in relation to solution formation. To help explain why these phenomena proceed spontaneously in only one direction requires an additional state function called entropy (S), a thermodynamic property of all substances that is proportional to their degree of "disorder". ![]() Moreover, the molecules of a gas remain evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of a glass bulb and never spontaneously assemble in only one portion of the available volume. For example, after a cube of sugar has dissolved in a glass of water so that the sucrose molecules are uniformly dispersed in a dilute solution, they never spontaneously come back together in solution to form a sugar cube. Another form of the second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a. For a full video: see Thus enthalpy is not the only factor that determines whether a process is spontaneous. Entropy is the loss of energy available to do work. Entropy (statistical thermodynamics) In thermodynamics, statistical entropy is the modeling of the energetic function entropy using probability theory. When water is placed on a block of wood under the flask, the highly endothermic reaction that takes place in the flask freezes water that has been placed under the beaker, so the flask becomes frozen to the wood. ![]() The reaction of barium hydroxide with ammonium thiocyanate is spontaneous but highly endothermic, so water, one product of the reaction, quickly freezes into slush.
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